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Cabbages being harvested by migrant workers in Lincolnshire, UK.
Cabbages being harvested by migrant workers in Lincolnshire, UK.
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Cabbages being harvested by migrant workers in Lincolnshire, UK.
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Cabbages being harvested by migrant workers in Lincolnshire, UK.
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Cabbages being harvested by migrant workers in Lincolnshire, UK.
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Cabbages being harvested by migrant workers in Lincolnshire, UK.
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Brassicas awaiting harvest in Linconshire, UK.
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A demonstration to trigger Article 50, which would initiate the process of Britain leaving the EU, Boston, Lincolnshire, 2019.
The invocation of Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union marked the formal beginning of the United Kingdom's exit from the European Union, commonly known as Brexit. On March 29, 2017, then Prime Minister Theresa May triggered the article by sending a letter to Donald Tusk, the President of the European Council, notifying the EU of the UK's intention to withdraw. This action followed the 2016 referendum, where 51.9% of UK voters opted to leave the EU, driven by concerns over sovereignty, economic control, and immigration.
Article 50, introduced under the Lisbon Treaty, provided a mechanism for a member state to leave the EU voluntarily. Once invoked, it set a two-year negotiation period, unless extended by mutual agreement for the departing state and the EU to agree on withdrawal terms and outline their future relationship. For the UK, this meant a deadline of March 29, 2019, to finalize the process, though delays and complexities later extended this timeline.
Theresa May’s decision to invoke Article 50 came after months of legal and political wrangling, including a Supreme Court ruling that required parliamentary approval. The notification letter outlined the UK’s intent to pursue an "orderly withdrawal" and establish a "deep and special partnership" with the EU post-Brexit. However, the process quickly became contentious. Negotiations proved challenging, with key issues like the Irish border, citizens' rights, and the financial settlement fueling uncertainty.
The two-year period saw intense political turbulence in the UK. May’s draft withdrawal agreement, finalised in November 2018, faced backlash for being too soft on EU ties, leading to her resignation in July 2019. Her successor, Boris Johnson, renegotiated the deal, and after further extensions beyond the original deadline, the UK officially left the EU on January 31, 2020, entering a transition period until December 31, 2020. The invocation of Article 50, while a procedural step, became a lightning rod for broader debates about democracy, identity, and governance in Britain.
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Farm workers harvesting cabbages during a rain storm near Sibsey, Lincolnshire. Leafy vegetables like cabbages, kale and cauliflower are pulled in the early winter when the first frosts come. Known as the Brassica season, much of the working day is spent in the wet and cold.
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Antek, Denisa and Vendula, seasonal workers from the Czech Republic picking stones and hoeing weeds in the brassica fields of South Lincolnshire. Needing the application of the eye to determine between crop and invasive plants it is one of the few agricultural tasks that has yet to be mechanised or automated.
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A hairbrush, a broken mirror, a plate.
A makeshift table in an abandoned pigsty inhabited by two Latvian women who came to the UK seeking work but found themselves homeless and eating dog food to survive. Wisbech, Cambridgeshire.
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Paulina's Cafe in King's Lynn,Norfolk,UK. The cafe serves the Portuguese community of the area.
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Paulina's Cafe in King's Lynn,Norfolk,UK. The cafe serves the Portuguese community of the area.
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Paulina's Cafe in King's Lynn,Norfolk,UK. The cafe serves the Portuguese community of the area.
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Supporters of the group Wisbech Immigration Issues gathering in the town to protest against the amount of migrants settling in the town from Eastern Europe. .
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Supporters of the group Wisbech Immigration Issues gathering in the town to protest against the amount of migrants settling in the town from Eastern Europe. .
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